Top 5 Excavator Travel Motor Problems and How to Troubleshoot Them

23.10.2024

Excavator travel motors and final drive motors are key components in an excavator’s mobility. These essential parts transfer power from the machine to the tracks, allowing it to move across various terrains. However, over time, problems can arise, affecting performance and leading to costly repairs if not addressed early. In this article, we’ll explore the top five most common issues with excavator travel motors and final drives, and how to troubleshoot them to keep your machine running smoothly.

1. Loss of power or slow movement

One of the most common complaints is a noticeable loss of power or slower-than-usual movement when operating the excavator. This issue can significantly hinder productivity, especially when dealing with steep grades or challenging work environments.

Possible causes:

  • Weak charge pump, not providing enough pressure to the hydraulic motor.
  • A malfunction in the speed control system, preventing the machine from reaching full speed.
  • Weak final drive, possibly due to worn-out gears or low-quality gear oil.
  • Leaks in the hydraulic system, which can reduce pressure and power output.

Troubleshooting:

  • First, check the pressure specifications in the excavator’s service manual and compare them to the current pressure levels.
  • Inspect the charge pump and the hydraulic motor for any signs of damage or leaks.
  • Ensure that there is no contamination in the hydraulic system and that the gear oil levels are correct.
  • Look for leaks in the travel motor and along the case drain line.

By addressing these issues, you can often restore the excavator’s power and speed, ensuring it operates efficiently.

2. Screeching noise or grinding sounds

Another common issue is a loud screeching noise or grinding sound coming from the final drive motor or gearbox. This is typically a sign of mechanical failure, and ignoring it could lead to costly repairs.

Possible causes:

  • Worn gears in the final drive motor or gearbox.
  • Insufficient lubrication or contaminated gear oil.
  • Damaged bearings in the drive motor.

Troubleshooting:

  • Inspect the final drive motor and gears for signs of wear or damage. Worn gears are a common source of screeching noises.
  • Check the gear oil level and quality. If it appears dirty or contaminated, it’s essential to replace it immediately to prevent further damage.
  • Examine the gearbox cover and case drain for any signs of leaks or damage.
  • If necessary, replace worn components to restore smooth operation.

Addressing this issue early can prevent further damage to the travel motor and extend the life of your excavator.

3. Excavator only moving on one side

If your excavator is only moving on one side, it’s a clear indication that there’s a problem with one of the travel motors or the hydraulic system.

Possible causes:

  • A faulty hydraulic motor on the affected side.
  • Gear failure or oil deficiency in the final drive motors.
  • A blockage or failure in the rotary manifold or centre swivel.

Troubleshooting:

  • Start by checking for any blockages in the hydraulic system, including the case drain line.
  • Inspect the final drive and hydraulic motor on the side that isn’t working. Worn or damaged gears can prevent the motor from functioning properly.
  • Review the rotary manifold and swivel joint for wear and tear. These components play a critical role in ensuring both sides of the machine can move effectively.
  • Refer to the service manual for specific guidance on testing and replacing faulty components.

If the issue is related to a final drive motor or hydraulic system failure, prompt repair or replacement is crucial to restore full mobility.

tracked excavator and other building equipment

4. High-speed mode not engaging

Most modern excavators have a high-speed mode to help with faster movement over larger distances. When this mode fails to engage, it can slow down operations.

Possible causes:

  • A malfunction in the speed control system or hydraulic system.
  • A weak charge pump that’s not generating enough pressure to activate the high-speed function.
  • Internal leakage in the final drive motor or travel motor.

Troubleshooting:

  • Inspect the speed control system and hydraulic circuits for any blockages or damage that could prevent high-speed mode from engaging.
  • Test the charge pump to ensure it’s producing enough pressure. If it’s weak, it may need to be repaired or replaced.
  • Check for any internal leaks in the drive motors and replace any faulty components that could be affecting performance.
  • Follow the service manual for calibration instructions to make sure the high-speed mode is properly adjusted.

By resolving these issues, you can restore the machine’s ability to engage high-speed mode, improving operational efficiency.

5. Oil leaks from travel motor or final drive

Oil leaks are a serious problem that can lead to reduced pressure in the hydraulic system and damage to the final drive motors. If left unchecked, leaks can cause severe damage to the excavator’s performance.

Possible causes:

  • Damaged seals in the travel motor or final drive.
  • Worn gears or bearings in the final drive motor.
  • Leaks in the case drain line or gearbox cover.

Troubleshooting:

  • Inspect the drive motors, gearbox cover, and case drain for any visible leaks or cracks.
  • Replace damaged seals to prevent further leakage.
  • Check the gear oil levels regularly and ensure the final drive is adequately lubricated.
  • Perform regular maintenance on all key components to identify and resolve potential issues before they lead to failure.

Early detection of leaks can save you from more significant repair costs down the line.

Conclusion

Maintaining your excavator’s travel motors and final drives is crucial for keeping your machine in top condition. Regular inspections, monitoring for leaks, and timely repairs of components like the charge pump, rotary manifold, and gearbox cover will help you avoid costly downtime. Always consult the service manual for specific guidance on repairs, and ensure that gear oil and other key fluids are kept at the proper levels. With proactive care, you can extend the lifespan of your excavator and prevent common problems before they lead to major repairs.

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